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It is debated (between trinitarians and nontrinitarians, and between trinitarians themselves) whether or not the early Church Fathers believed in the Trinity. Some of the evidence used to support an early belief in the Trinity are triadic statements (referring to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit) from the New Testament and the Church Fathers. The view that the Son was 'of the essence of the Father, God of God...very God of very God' was formally ratified at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. The Holy Spirit was included at the First Council of Constantinople (381 AD), where the relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit as one substance (''ousia'') and three co-equal persons (''hypostaseis'') was formally ratified.〔 ==Introduction== Some Trinitarians state that the doctrine of the Trinity was revealed in New Testament times; others, that it was revealed in the Patristic period.〔 Nontrinitarians, on the other hand, will generally state that the traditional doctrine of the Trinity did not exist until centuries after the end of the New Testament period.〔Jeff Rath, ''An Appeal to Trinitarian Christians: Historical Background of the Trinity'', (online ) (accessed 24/12/2013)〕 Some Trinitarians agree with this, seeing a development over time towards a true understanding of the Trinity.〔J. N. D. Kelly, ''Early Christian Doctrines'' 5th edn (London: A&C Black, 1977), p. 87-88,90〕 Trinitarians sometimes refer to Christian belief about God before the traditional statements on the Trinity as unsophisticated, 'naive',〔J. N. D. Kelly, ''Early Christian Doctrines'' 5th edn (London: A&C Black, 1977), p. 90〕 or 'incipient Trinitarianism',〔M. Turner and G. McFarlane, 'Trinity' in I. H. Marshall (ed.), et al., ''New Bible Dictionary'' (3rd edn), electronic edition〕 and that early Christians were 'proto-Trinitarian, partially Trinitarian', etc.〔Dale Tuggy, ''(The Lost Early History of Unitarian Christian Theology )'', paper delivered at CoGGC Theological Conference, Atlanta (2013 ), 4:43-56〕 Unitarians would state that this means that those early Christians were not actually Trinitarians. Expressions which link together the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit occurred very early in the History of the Christian Church. These are sometimes taken as expressions about the Trinity. Other times, they are referred to more generally as 'triadic'.〔J. N. D. Kelly, ''Early Christian Doctrines'' 5th edn (London: A&C Black, 1977), p. 88-89〕 It is stated by some that 'These passages cannot immediately be taken as evidence of the belief in the co-substantial unity of God; names may be conjoined for any number of reasons (e.g. unity in greeting, unity of purpose, etc.) so even the use of a threefold formula cannot be conclusive'.〔Thomas Gaston (2007), ''(Proto-Trinity: The Development of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the First and Second Christian Centuries )''. MPhil(b). Thesis. University of Birmingham, UK. p. 69〕 Two examples appear in the New Testament: and . The context of 2 Corinthians 13:14 (verse 13 in the Vulgate), which is the close of a letter, suggests the church's conjunction of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit may have originated as a doxological formula; while the context of Matthew 28:19, the Great Commission, shows that the verbal conjunction of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit was used early on as a baptismal formula. Unitarians hold that 'the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are mentioned together (the New Testament ) in the same context, but not in any way that suggests they are all distinct persons who together comprise the totality of God';〔David Burke, 'The Great Trinity Debate: Week 5: Father, Son and Holy Spirit' available online (here ) and (here ) (accessed 24/12/2013)〕 a 'literary triad does not equate to an ontological triunity'.〔David Burke, 'The Great Trinity Debate: Week 5: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Rebuttal' (online ) (accessed 24/12/2013)〕 This triadic pattern is even more marked in the glimpses available of the early Church's liturgy and day-to-day catechetical practice.〔J. N. D. Kelly, ''Early Christian Doctrines'' A & C Black 1965 (1965) p.88〕 Even so, some have said that the 'indications from the apostolic and sub-apostolic writers are that () triadic formulas...do not carry the same significance as post-Nicene triadic formulas'.〔 The oldest extant work in which the word "Trinity" itself (Greek ''Trias, triados'') is used is Theophilus of Antioch's 2nd-century ''To Autolycus''.〔 There it is used to refer to God, his word and his wisdom.〔'...the three days before the luminaries were created are types of the Trinity, God, his Word, and his Wisdom'. (To Autolycus 2 ):15〕 The view that the Son was 'of the essence of the Father, God of God...very God of very God' was formally ratified at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 CE. The Holy Spirit was included at the First Council of Constantinople (381 CE), where the relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit as one substance (''ousia'') and three co-equal persons (''hypostaseis'') was formally ratified.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trinitarianism in the Church Fathers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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